Recreation of Charles Minard's flow map of Napoleon's March. This visualization depicts Napoleon's disastrous march to Moscow, in the winter of 1812. Beginning at the Polish-Russian border, the maroon flow-line shows the size of the Grand Army (initially 422,000) as it progressed through Russia. Napoleon's retreat form Moscow is depicted by the black flow-line, which is linked to the temperature scale and dates at the bottom of the chart.