Barriers to Equality in Academia:
Women in Computer Science at MIT
Prepared by female graduate students and research staff in
the Laboratory for Computer Science and the Artificial Intelligence
Laboratory at MIT
February 1983
In my view, this is the most useful report ever written
in terms of its potential to improve the environment for
members of under-represented groups in academia.
Rather than focusing on egregious examples of harrassment
(the staple of "let's avoid lawsuits" presentations),
this report focuses on the million and one small ways
in which even the best intentioned of us inadvertently
create environments that are not conducive to the
career development of women, and, by extension, members
of other under-represented groups.
N.B. It should go without saying that the computer
science area at MIT deserves enormous credit for
confronting -- nearly 20 years ago -- a problem that all
of us share. If this report signals something about the
computer science area at MIT, it is that the environment
there is better than elsewhere, not worse. We all still
have a lot of work to do.
1. Introduction and Summary
- 1.1 Professional Inequality
- 1.2 Social Inequality
- 1.3 Organization of the Report
2. What Happened to Us
- 2.1 Professional Identity
- 2.1.1 First a Woman, then a Professional
- 2.1.2 Invisibility
- 2.1.3 Patronizing Behavior
- 2.1.4 Qualifications
- 2.1.5 "Acceptable" Behavior for Women: A Double Bind
- 2.1.6 The Consequences for a Woman
- 2.2 Social Identity
- 2.2.1 Misplaced Expectations
- 2.2.2 Unwanted Attention
- 2.2.3 Obscenity
- 2.2.4 The Fishbowl Syndrome
- 2.2.4 The Consequences for Women
- 2.3 Reactions
3. Recommendations
- 3.1 First a Woman, Then a Professional
- 3.2 Invisibility
- 3.3 Patronizing Behavior
- 3.4 Qualifications
- 3.5 Double Bind
- 3.6 Additional Recommendations to Administration and Faculty
4. A Positive Note
Bibliography
I. Appendix - Authors
II. Appendix - Background
III. Appendix - Contributions by
Other Members of the Community
- III.1 Peter Elias - The Department
- III.2 Mary Rowe - Subtle Discrimination
- III.3 David Reed - One Man's Reaction To The Report
- III.4 Another Male Perspective on Discrimination